NanoWater Disinfection Technologies

NanoWater Provides Disinfection Solutions to Various Water & Wastewater Industries

NanoWater  provides disinfection solutions for municipal, industrial, and recreational water applications. ​Our full range of disinfection technologies include analyzers and process controllers, ultraviolet disinfection systems, hypochlorite generation systems, gas feed systems, chlorine dioxide generation equipment, ozone generation and more. , NanoWater  technologies are used to disinfect cooling water, swimming pool potable water , wastewater and also process and product water in industrial applications.

Disinfection

There are a variety of techniques to disinfect fluids and surfaces. NanoWater can supply several disinfection techniques with the emphasis on environmentally friendly solutions. The techniques are:

Other solutions are:

  • Chlorine
  • Sodium Hypochlorite( NanoWater Electrochlorination BioCell-C™ and BioCell-B™ System )
  • Chlorine Dioxide (NanoWater RiteDos™ System)
  • UltraViolet Strelization System (NanoWater UVDOS™ System )
  • Ozone Disinfection System (Bio-Zone™ Disinfection System )
NanoWater Disinfection Technologies

Killing, removal, or deactivation of harmful microorganisms can be referred to as disinfection. Destruction or deactivation of pathogenic microorganisms results in stopping their reproduction and growth. People may fall ill by consuming the contaminated water containing the pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfection and sterilization are interrelated processes, but sterilization kills all the harmful and harmless microorganisms. Hence, disinfection is a more appropriate process.

Methods of disinfections
I- Chlorine Gas

Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas. By providing high pressure, the gas becomes liquid. It is toxic. Chlorine gas is mostly used as a water disinfectant. Introducing chlorine to water plays a very effective role for removing almost all pathogenic microorganisms. It can be used both as a primary and a secondary disinfectant. The gas is not applicable to be used in household system as it is very dangerous. It is lethal at concentrations as low as 0.1% air by volume .

Advantages
  • Chlorination is a cheaper source than UV or ozone disinfection methods used to treat water.
  • It is very effective against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms.
  • Dosing rates are controlled easily as they are flexible.

The chlorine residuals left in the wastewater effluent can make the disinfection process longer even after initial treatment. They can be further used to evaluate the effectiveness

II- Chlorination (sodium hypochlorite solution)

Sodium hypochlorite is used as a bleaching agent, mostly to bleach papers or textiles, and as a disinfectant in solution. The solution generally contains 10–15% of the available chlorine, but rapidly loses its force in storing process. Regular controlled environment is needed as the solution is affected greatly by the pH, light, heat, and heavy metals

Advantages
  • Sodium hypochlorite can also be used as a disinfectant.
  • Both sodium hypochlorite and chlorine gas shows similar disinfection effectiveness.
  • As compared to chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite disinfection reduces the hazards in storing and handling.
  • No hazardous chemicals are used in onsite generation. Only softened water and high grade salt (NaCl) is used.
  • As compared to the standard supplied solution (14% concentration), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions are less hazardous (1% concentration) and less concentrated while generating onsite production
III- Chlorination (solid calcium hypochlorite)

Ca(OCl)2 (calcium hypochlorite) is an essential solid that can be used in replacement of NaOCl (liquid). As a disinfectant, it has similarity with NaOCl but it is much safer to handle. Almost 70% of chlorine is available in commercial grades of Ca(OCl)2. It has applications in both waste water and drinking water

 Advantages
  • Being solid, Ca(OCl)2 is more safer than chlorine gas and NaOCl.
  • It even has excellent stability when stored in dry place, maintaining its potency well over time
IV- Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection  System

NanoWater Chlorine Dioxide Generator Available in five different Models depending on the customer budgeting factors.

Two Precursor or Three Precursor Generating Safe and Efficient Chlorine Dioxide Solution Chlorine Dioxide is one of the safest and most effective biocides and Chlorine dioxide generator is designed to produce and consistently maintain a product yield greater than 95%, which makes it ideal for drinking water treatment.  A proven design, durable construction and the use of the best available corrosion-resistant materials assure efficient gas production, precise solution feeding, low maintenance and dependable operation for the life of the equipment disinfecting agents available

Chlorine Dioxide; Advantages

Disinfection with chlorine dioxide produces lower levels of disinfection by products compared to chlorine gas and does not produce halogenated organic disinfection by-products at levels of concern.

It is a more effective disinfectant than chlorine having an efficacious effect on bacteria, viruses and cysts, but is not as strong an oxidant as free chlorine.

Some of the most recent generating systems do not require chlorine gas transport or handling but these, and even the older technologies, are considerably more expensive than chlorine.

Chlorine Dioxide; Disadvantages

Chlorine dioxide will be generated onsite from sodium chlorite and chlorine gas, and thus requires all of the precautions associated with the transportation and handling of chlorine gas.

Chlorine dioxide production using chlorine gas or acid and hypochlorite generally requires an excess of chlorine or acid to maximize sodium chlorite conversion.

If not controlled carefully, this can lead to untreated chlorite or excessive amounts of chlorine in the treated water. It can also lead to the formation of chlorate or chlorinated disinfection by-products. Some studies on chlorine dioxide have also identified issues with taste and odor

V- Ozonation Disinfection System

Ozone is an allotropic (unstable) formula of oxygen in which three molecules are combined to produce a new molecule. It quickly decomposes to generate highly reactive free radicals. The ozone’s oxidation potential (−2.7 V) is greater than that of the chlorine (−1.36 V) or hypochlorite ion (−1.49 V), substances widely used in wastewater treatment such as oxidants. Ozone is surpassed only by the hydroxyl radical (•OH) and fluoride in its oxidation capacity .

Advantages

Following are the advantages when ozone is used to treat water:

  • Ozone possesses strong oxidizing power
  • Short reaction time is needed so germs (including viruses) are killed in a few seconds
  • No change in color and taste occurs.
  • Requires no chemicals
  • Oxygen is provided to water after disinfection
  • Destroys and removes algae
  • Oxidizes iron and manganese
  • Reacts with and removes all organic matter .
Limitation

Onsite generation is necessary as ozone is unstable at atmospheric pressure. It is toxic in high concentrations as it is a greenhouse gas. The three modules of an ozone plant are ozone destructor, ozone contact chamber, and generator. UV light or the corona discharge process is used for ozone generation. In contact chamber, ozone is added to water. The main purpose of the destructor is to limit the amount of ozone to be stripped out into the air. Three main processes affect the release of ozone after introducing ozone into water: decomposition, reaction with water impurities, and stripping into the atmosphere.

VI- Ultraviolet light (UV)

UV treatment can be used for treating waste water, drinking water, and aquaculture. The UV light causes disinfection by changing the biological components of microorganisms specifically breaking the chemical bonds in DNA, RNA, and proteins.

Advantages
  • It limits the regrowth potential within the distribution system so no increase in the concentration of biodegradable or assimilable organic carbon (AOC) occurs.
  • With respect to interactions with pipe material, there are no concerns.
  • No by-products are formed (e.g., hemoglobin-associated acetaldehydes (HAA), trihalomethanes (THM), aldehydes, ketoacidosis, and bromate).
  • By using UV light we can achieve the same log inactivation of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, less in cost either than chlorine dioxide and ozone techniques.
  • When used in relation with chloramines, no formation of chlorinated disinfection by-product (DBP) is noticed .

UV light can treat water without producing any major chemical or physical changes in the water. No negative effects have been noticed in utilizing UV-treated water. Fewer chances are there for the formation of DBPs as no new substance is added in this process. No change in the taste and color occurs. The dosage and frequency used for the disinfection do not produce any harmful substance. Even the overdosing of UV light does not lead to the formation of harmful products. To avoid exposure, protective clothing should be used by the operator 

NanoWater and Affiliates are Members of IUVA